Research on cognitive training consistently distinguishes between short‑term gains and durable memory changes. Studies that track participants over months suggest that repeated engagement with complex word challenges can strengthen the hippocampal networks responsible for encoding new information, especially when the tasks demand active recall rather than passive recognition.
However, the magnitude of improvement varies with age, baseline cognitive status, and the diversity of puzzle types. Meta‑analyses highlight that benefits are most pronounced when puzzles are combined with other mentally stimulating activities, and that isolated practice may produce modest gains that fade without continued effort.